Showing posts with label Reiki. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Reiki. Show all posts

Sunday, 8 May 2011

The Reiki Federation's Immeasurable Benefits


While
trawling the internet for victims the other day, I kept coming across a video promoting the benefits of reiki.

The video is produced by the Reiki Federation, a professional body promoting the interests of reiki practitioners (but not necessarily those of their poor customers).



Many of the Federation's members are using the video to promote their professional services. On this website, for example, the video has been plonked at the top of the page.

Since it's so widespread, I'd like to know whether any of the video's health claims are true or whether they are, in fact, bunkum. It's no surprise to see this claim:

"[Reiki is] a system of natural healing"

Or even this one, which is a marvel of medical cherry-picking:

"With women having abdominal hysterectomies, there was a pilot data [sic] that suggested not only do they feel more relaxed before the surgery, [but] the surgery itself was reduced from an average of 72 minutes to 59 minutes and they required less pain medication afterwards"

Some of the video's claims, though, infringe onto the territory of loopiness:

"I broke my ankle five years ago, [it was a] complicated breakage. I had problems healing, the bones wouldn't heal. I was recommended reiki... within the course of a few months, we actually speeded up the healing process. I didn't need another operation..."

ASA complaint follows!

"I'm writing to complain about a promotional video produced by the Reiki Federation.

Because the video features on the homepage of the Federation's website and in prominent positions on the websites of dozens of the Federation's members, where it used to promote the members' reiki services, I think it's important that the health claims the video makes should be challenged.

The video is primarily available at the addresses:
http://www.reikifed.co.uk/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNsyHk7-KwY&feature=player_embedded

0.23 "[Reiki is] a system of natural healing"

I'd like to challenge whether the use of the word "healing" in this description is misleading.

0.25 "Practitioners tap into this [reiki] life energy which reinforces the body's natural ability to heal itself on all levels: physical, emotional, mental and spiritual"

I challenge whether the claim that reiki can "reinforce the body's natural ability to heal ifself" on the "physical" level can be substantiated.

0.41 "[Reiki has] proved particularly useful for... acute injuries and in surgery"

I challenge whether these two claims can be substantiated.

0.48 (Comment from Rosemary Pharo) "With women having abdominal hysterectomies, there was a pilot data [sic] that suggested not only do they feel more relaxed before the surgery, [but] the surgery itself was reduced from an average of 72 minutes to 59 minutes and they required less pain medication afterwards"

I challenge whether the use of an unnamed pilot study as the only medical evidence cited in the video is misleading. I also challenge whether the claims that reiki can reduce the length of surgical operations and the quantity of pain relief administered during them can be substantiated using rigorous clinical evidence.

1.25 (Testimonial from Teie Neiiendam, a "Reiki Client") "I broke my ankle five years ago, [it was a] complicated breakage. I had problems healing, the bones wouldn't heal. I was recommended reiki... within the course of a few months, we actually speeded up the healing process. I didn't need another operation..."

I challenge whether the testimonial claim that reiki can increase the rate of healing for broken bones, even those that do not respond to an initial (conventional) medical intervention, is misleading.

1.50 "...reiki is used to help with many conditions"

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate their claim that reiki can be used to "help with many conditions".

1.56 (Comment from Melanie Hoffstead, "Reiki Master and Practitioner") "People who come to me who've suffered for many years with arthritis and then with quite a few treatments seem to be almost pain-free. People who suffer from depression seem to be able to have more of a sense of life [and it] can be more manageable"

I challenge whether the advertisers can substantiate their claims that reiki can render sufferers of arthritis "almost pain-free" and that reiki can treat clinical depression.

2.19 "Increasingly, medical professionals are using reiki alongside more orthodox treatments"

I challenge whether this claim can be substantiated, and whether it misleadingly implies that the current scientific concensus broadly supports the claims of reiki practitioners, when in fact the opposite is the case.

2.25 "Reiki has been known to support some cancer patients"

I challenge whether this claim is misleading and can be substantiated.

3.31 "Research into the effectiveness of reiki is ongoing, but it's clear that for many the benefits are immeasurable."

I challenge whether this claim is misleading, because it omits the fact that rigorous clinical trials for reiki exist and have so far been universally negative.

I'd also challenge whether the claim that "benefits" of reiki are "immeasurable", in the sense that reiki has profound medical benefits, can be substantiated.

I can confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or with the alternative medicine industry in general."

Saturday, 7 May 2011

Liz Strangways, reflexologist to the stars


Part three of my vendetta against local quacks focuses on Liz Strangways, who boasts of giving up a respectable career in human resources for the chance to spend her life rubbing people's toes.



Liz is quite careful to avoid making illegal health claims - and good for her - but it has proven impossible to restrain her delusions entirely. Hopefully, she'll be happy to receive a gentle nudge in the right direction.

About reiki - a theatrical but useless magical hand-waving therapy - she says

"Reiki works to heal you at the level of your energy to the root of any disease..."

Precisely which "any disease" she means, I can't be sure. Liz is less reticent in her boasts for reflexology.

"Reflexology may help to cleanse the body of toxins and impurities."

For those Doubting Thomases among you, Liz offers a glittering celebrity endorsement from the Olympic silver medallist, Kriss Akabusi, who writes

"Liz is a totally committed person in what ever she does and brings a high level of integrity to the table. Liz and I worked together on various projects in my charity where she was dedicated to developing expert knowledge in various facets of the work..."

This "expert knowledge" of which Akabusi speaks presumably refers to this discussion of the "Science Behind Reiki", which starts in the usual way:

"The Science Behind Reiki - What is Energy? - Einstein and later quantum physicists have explained [continues for several more pages]"

ASA complaints follows!

"The website makes a number of health claims which I suspect are misleading.

1. ( http://www.lizstrangways.co.uk/phdi/p1.nsf/supppages/2865?opendocument&part=2 )

"Reflexology is a method believed to activate the healing powers of the body"

I'd like to challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate her claim that reflexology can 'activate the healing powers of the body'.

2.

"a modern scientific method called reflexology"

I'd like to challenge whether the description of reflexology as a 'modern scientific method' is misleading.

3.

"What joins the ancient and the modern is the long-established principle that there are energy zones that run throughout the body and reflex areas in the feet that correspond to all the major organs, glands and body parts."

I challenge whether the correspondence between 'reflex areas in the feet that corrrespond to all the major organs, glands and body parts' is in fact a 'long-established principle', in the sense that it is supported by evidence.

4.

"Reflexology may help to cleanse the body of toxins and impurities."

I challenge whether reflexology can 'help to cleanse the body of toxins and impurities'.

5.

"How does reflexology work?
Since ancient times various methodologies have been employed to strengthen and balance the flow of energy. Many of these systems, including acupuncture, shiatsu and reflexology agree that this energy flows in zones or meridians throughout the body. Reflexologists specify that there are ten energy zones that run the length of the body from head to toe - five on each side of the body ending in each foot and running down the arms into the tips of the fingers. All the organs and parts of the body lie along one or more of these zones. Each zone can be considered a channel for the intangible life energy, called chi or qi in oriental and martial arts. Stimulating any zone in the foot by applying pressure with the thumbs and fingers affects the entire zone throughout the body, revitalizing and balancing the entire zone which may improve the function of the organs in that zone."

I challenge whether 'Stimulating any zone in the foot by applying pressure with the thumbs and fingers affects the entire zone throughout the body, revitalizing and balancing the entire zone which may improve the function of the organs in that zone" can be substantiated.

6. ( http://www.lizstrangways.co.uk/phdi/p1.nsf/supppages/2865?opendocument&part=3 )

"Reiki encourages and supports your positive personal choices such as... reducing your need for alcohol and tobacco."

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate the claim that reiki can be used to reduce tobacco and alcohol addictions.

7.

"Being complementary, Reiki is effective alongside orthodox healthcare and natural remedies, expanding treatment options."

I challenge whether the word 'effective' is misleading and can be substantiated.

8.

"Reiki works to heal you at the level of your energy to the root of any disease"

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate her claim that reiki 'works' and can 'heal you' of 'the root of any disease'.

9.

"The Science Behind Reiki - What is Energy? - Einstein and later quantum physicists have explained... [continues for several pages]"

I challenge the description of reiki as supported by 'science' and explained by 'Einstein and later quantum physicists' can be substantiated and whether it is misleading.

10.

"What is interesting is that science has confirmed something that has been part of the spiritual wisdom of many cultures for thousands of years; that an unseen energy flows through and connects all living things."

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate her claim that 'science has confirmed' that reiki energy 'flows through... all living things'.

I've made some screenshots of the relevant pages, which are available at:
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=8oIjxV78e9
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=9Am117px0f
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=xo8dTrAta1
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=NUC5cARees
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=80aToecvzq
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=za0HaVkvDx

I can confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or with the alternative medicine industry in general."

Jackie Thomas the asthma-curing quack


There are quite a few quacks in my own neighbourhood and the time has come for a bit of a spring cleaning.


Jackie Thomas of Bedford is a longstanding member of my little list. As I remember, her old website was too incoherent to warrant a complaint, but happily it's been replaced with a shiny new one.


A keen entrepeneur, Jackie seems to have arranged her "Box of Tricks" - another term for which might be "collection of delusions" - to provide something for everyone.

For her traditionalist marks she offers homeopathy, which she claims is "effective", tossing alongside that word the names of some serious medical conditions.

"Anaemia... Arthritis... Asthma... Ear infections... Eczema... IBS... Post Operative [sic] recovery..."

For the orientally inclined she offers Acupressure, "Meridian Balancing", "Chakra Balancing" and of course Reiki.

By far the most dangerous of her delusions, though, appear for her Kinesiology treatments.


"When my son was weaning we noticed that he was beginning to get eczema... Instead of going to the doctor... I decided to try homeopathy and visited Jackie. She did some [Kinesiology] testing and advised us that my son and I have an intolerance to wheat and dairy products. When we cut these out of our diet and took the remedies Jackie had prescribed our eczema was reduced to almost nothing." (Testimonial)

"I have been visiting Jackie for the last 4 years and in that time I have been able to stop taking my inhalers for my asthma..." (Testimonial)

There's nothing guaranteed to incur the ASA's wrath more than attempts to discourage essential medical treatment. Speaking of which... ASA complaint follows!

"The website makes a number of health claims which I suspect are misleading.

1. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/how-it-works.html )

"What Conditions can I help with?

I make no claims as I only treat the person, not named conditions, but in the past few months people have come to me for help, who are suffering from the following... Read some of my testimonials and case studies to see just how effective the treatments are."

I'd like to challenge whether the phrases 'What Conditions can I help with?' and 'see just how effective the treatments are' are misleading, because they imply the advertiser's treatments are effective for the named conditions, some of which are serious conditions for which medical treatment should be sought.

2. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/how-it-works/homeopathy.html )

"by knowing the full details of your symptoms, a homeopath is able to give more effective treatment."

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate the claim that homeopathy is an 'effective treatment'.

3.

"Allium Sepa helps with Hay Fever... Coffea is used for insomnia and hyperactivity."

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate the claims for these homeopathic preparations.

4. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/how-it-works/kinesiology.html )

"To sum up, Kinesiology is a system of gentle muscle testing, which identifies imbalances with the body and then assesses what is required to bring the body back into balance and restore it to optimum health."

I challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate her claims that Kinesiology can '[assess] what is required... to restore [the body] to optimum health'.

5. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/how-it-works/reiki.html )

"Reiki is a natural healing energy activated by intention. It works on every level, not just the physical."

I challenge whether the claim that Reiki 'works' is misleading.

6.

"Reiki treatments can be carried out as often as you feel necessary. Sometimes one is enough, sometimes more may be more effective."

I challenge whether the word 'effective' is misleading.

7. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/treatments.html )

"NUTRITION MOT

Using Kinesiology, I can test for food intolerance and offer some nutritional advice and dietary suggestions. I can also check for chemical/cosmetic sensitivities.
Consultation (1hr) £40"

I challenge whether the claim that Kinesiology can test for food intolerance and sensitivities can be substantiated.

8. ( http://www.moonstoneconsulting.co.uk/testimonials-and-case-studies.html )

""When my son was weaning we noticed that he was beginning to get eczema, something which I have suffered from on and off all my life. Instead of going to the doctor, who I know from experience would give him loads of creams leading to steroid cream, I decided to try homeopathy and visited Jackie. She did some testing and advised us that my son and I have an intolerance to wheat and dairy products. When we cut these out of our diet and took the remedies Jackie had prescribed our eczema was reduced to almost nothing.""

I challenge whether the phrase 'Instead of going to the doctor... I decided to try homeopathy and visited Jackie' could discourage essential treatment, and I challenge whether the testimonial claim of an effective treatment for eczema can be substantiated.

9.

""I have been visiting Jackie for the last 4 years and in that time I have been able to stop taking my inhalers for my asthma and have much more control over my hay fever especially in the peak summer months."

I challenge whether the claimed cure for asthma ('I have been able to stop taking my inhalers [sic] for my asthma') can be substantiated, whether it is misleading, whether it is irresponsible, and whether it could discourage essential treatment.

I've made some screenshots of the relevant pages, which are available at:
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=OE30R4x0hx
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=x5BtiKseNg
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=nKH9q7DBb0
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=ljHUVqpjjp
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=UCAPjmkkra
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=59NyGPLLqX
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=D7cocrOuMj
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=wOZD3QqJny

I can confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or with the alternative medicine industry in general."

Wednesday, 4 May 2011

Marco Lagusz, unluckiest fish in the barrel


It's not easy to make a living as a quack - most "complementary therapists" never even become full-time professionals.

Such an unfortunate is Marco Lagusz, a "Reiki Master Teacher of the Usui system of natural healing" from Bedford.

(Image credit)

Marco boasts that his magical finger therapy can create all kinds of miracles, the most impressive of which are

"Detoxifying the body... Overcoming addictions and breaking bad habits... Reducing depression... Improving sleeping disorders... Destroying energy blockages that can cause any illnesses and diseases... "

Can Marco substantiate all of these health claims? He'll win a Nobel Prize if he can, but he's committing an offence if he can't. I'd rather like to know, either way.

By the way, the two complaints below - the first to the Advertising Standards Authority, the second to Trading Standards - took a grand total of exactly thirty-seven seconds to write, thanks to this marvellous little Chrome Plugin.

(ASA complaint)

"The website makes a number of health claims for the advertiser's Reiki service.

1. ( http://www.temple-of-light.co.uk/whatcanreikihelpwith.htm )

"REIKI CAN HELP WITH... Here is a small example of what Reiki can help with: Accelerating your body's natural ability to heal itself... Relieving pain and reduces the side effects of medication... Detoxifying the body... Overcoming addictions and breaking bad habits... Reducing depression... Improving sleeping disorders... Destroying energy blockages that can cause any illnesses and diseases... Assist[ing] with post operative recovery... Assist[ing] with Back problems... Respiratory problems... PMT... Sinus problems..."

I'd like to challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate any of these claims.

2. ( http://www.temple-of-light.co.uk/testimonialsreviews.htm )

"CLIENT TESTIMONIALS
In my experience, Reiki is a profoundly peaceful, relaxing experience that leaves you both tranquil and yet invigorated at the same time.

For years, despite the nightly use of herbal remedies or over the counter sleep medication, I had not slept - habitually finding myself awake at 01.00 am and remaining so until the alarm.

It was suggested I try Reiki, so in June this year (2008) I contacted Marco and booked a course of 4 X one hourly treatments.

Even after just the first treatment I noted a significant change for the better. Now it is only on the rarest of occasions that I do not sleep soundly throughout the night.

Deb F. Bedfordshire"

I haven't heard of any clinical evidence that Reiki is a better treatment for chronic insomnia than 'over the counter sleep medication' [sic], so I'd like to challenge whether this testimonial is misleading.

I've made some screenshots of the relevant pages, which are available at:
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=vwJYI2OSqH
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=Gvyjg6NglW

I can confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or with the alternative medicine industry in general."

(TS complaint)

"Marco Lagusz makes a number of health claims of health claims on website http://www.temple-of-light.co.uk , which I don't believe can be substantiated with clinical evidence.

If the company are unable to provide robust evidence to back up these claims, they would be operating an Unfair Commercial Practice under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations, 2008.

As you are no doubt aware, under these regulations is it not the duty of the enforcement officer to prove that claims being made are false. The regulations state that if someone is unable to provide robust evidence to support the claims they are making when asked, then they are operating an unfair commercial practice.

1. ( http://www.temple-of-light.co.uk/whatcanreikihelpwith.htm )

"REIKI CAN HELP WITH... Here is a small example of what Reiki can help with: Accelerating your body's natural ability to heal itself... Relieving pain and reduces the side effects of medication... Detoxifying the body... Overcoming addictions and breaking bad habits... Reducing depression... Improving sleeping disorders... Destroying energy blockages that can cause any illnesses and diseases... Assist[ing] with post operative recovery... Assist[ing] with Back problems... Respiratory problems...
PMT... Sinus problems..."

I'd like to challenge whether the advertiser can substantiate any of these claims.

I've made some screenshots of the relevant pages, which are available at:
http://leicester.skepticsinthepub.org/FishBarrel/ci.aspx?id=vwJYI2OSqH

I can confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or with the alternative medicine industry in general."

Thursday, 12 August 2010

Silsoe Village - the quacks have escaped from the village pond


This is Silsoe - an agreeably small village in Central Bedfordshire.



Every month its honest citizens are treated to a new copy of the "Silsoe News", a small booklet supported by advertising revenue from local businesses.

One of those businesses is "Reflexions", otherwise known as Candice Morris.

Candice has some rather odd ideas about toxins in the body, and claims she knows how to remove them. How? With reflexology and reiki, of course!

Joining her in this Hall of Shame is another of the magazine's advertisers, Susan Steedon. Susan reckons she can treat asthma by sticking a burning hot candle in your ear.

Naturally, none of these claims are likely to be true - search for the evidence in Pubmed yourself, if you don't believe me - so it's time to introduce the pair to the caring embrace of the Advertising Standards Authority.

Here's my ASA complaint about Candice...

"I write to complain about an advert appearing in "Silsoe News" magazine, August 2010 issue (No. 320), p22.

The advert, for Candice Morris/Reflexions, promotes various complementary therapies.

I suspect that the advert may be in breach of two sections of the British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing (CAP) code.

1. The Silsoe News is a magazine distributed to a number of villages in central Bedfordshire.

2. (i) The advert contains the text:

"Reflexology: A relaxing treatment...It promotes relaxation and improves circulation"

(ii) Under Sections 3.1 and 50.1 of the CAP Code, I challenge whether the advertisers can substantiate their claim that reflexology "improves circulation".

3. (i) The advert continues:

"Swedish Massage: ...it eases muscular strain by flushing out toxins..."

(ii) Under Sections 3.1 and 50.1, I challenge whether the advertisers can substantiate their claim that Swedish massage "flushes out toxins"

4. (i) The advert continues:

"Lymphatic Drainage Massage: A soft, light to the touch massage to alleviate fluid retention and to help flush out toxins..."

(ii) Under Sections 3.1 and 50.1, I challenge whether the advertisers can substantiate their claim that Lymphatic Drainage Massage can "help flush out toxins"

5. (i) The advert continues:

"Reiki: A Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation that also promotes healing..."

(ii) Under Sections 3.1 and 50.1 of the CAP Code, I challenge whether the advertisers can substantiate their claim that Reiki "promotes healing"

6. I confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser. I confirm that I am not involved in legal proceedings with the advertiser."

...and here's my complaint against Susan.

"I write to complain about an advert appearing in "Silsoe News" magazine, August 2010 issue (No. 320), p8.

The advert, for Susan Steedon, promotes her "thermal auricular therapy" treatment.

I suspect that the advert may be in breach of two sections of the British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing (CAP) code.

1. The Silsoe News is a magazine distributed to a number of villages in central Bedfordshire.

2. (i) "Thermal auricular therapy" - also known as Hopi Ear Candling - is a treatment in which burning candles are placed inside a patient's ears in the fanciful hope that the burning wax will draw out toxins and have other beneficial effects on the patient's health.

(ii) I have never found any clinical evidence supporting the claims commonly made for this kind of therapy.

3. The advert contains the text:

"Canadian Ear Candle Specialist (Thermal Auricular Therapy) - Provides a heat drawing [sic] effect. Helps with removal of blocked wax, blocked sinuses, Tinnitus, Asthma, Headaches, Sinusitis. Also reduces pressure in the ears when flying..."

4. Under Sections 3.1, 14.3 and 50.1 of the CAP Code, I challenge whether the advertiser holds documentary evidence to prove the following claims, and I challenge whether the claims are backed by evidence, where appropriate consisting of clinical trials conducted on people:

(i) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with removal of blocked wax"
(ii) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with...blocked sinuses"
(iii) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with...Tinnitus"
(iv) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with...Asthma"
(v) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with...Headaches"
(vi) Thermal Auricular Therapy "helps with...Sinusitis"
(vii) Thermal Auricular Therapy "reduces pressure in the ears when flying"

5. I confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser. I confirm that I am not involved in legal proceedings with the advertiser."

Wednesday, 16 June 2010

Usui Reiki system of "natural healing"


Looking through the list of past ASA adjudications, I was quite astonished to find that Reiki, the quasi-mystical system of Japanese hands-on healing, didn't feature in any of them.




Luckily, the Reiki Centre - also known as Hjalmar Jonsson, of East Grinstead, West Sussex - has produced a brochure which has fallen into my hands (available here and here).

Hjalmar makes various odd claims, from the oft-repeated one that reiki is an ancient healing practice (it was actually invented in the 1920s), to the thoroughly irresponsible claim that reiki can "[treat] any dis-ease, even chronic ailments".

ASA complaint follows.

"I write to complain about a flyer I picked up at the "Mind, Body & Spirit" festival, in London, in May this year.

The flyer, for the "Reiki Centre", promotes the "Usui [Reiki] System of Natural Healing".

I suspect that the flyer may be in breach of seven sections of the British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing (CAP) code. I can provide the original flyer by post, if necessary.

1. "Usui Reiki" is a form of hands-on healing developed in Japan in the 1920s [1].

2. According to a 2008 Systematic Review [2], "Effects of reiki in clinical practice: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials":

"In conclusion, the evidence is insufficient to suggest that reiki is an effective treatment for any condition. Therefore the value of reiki remains unproven."

3. Under Sections 3.1 and 50.1, I challenge whether the advertiser holds documentary evidence to prove the following claims, and I challenge whether the claims are backed by evidence, where appropriate consisting of trials conducted on people:

(i) Reiki is "an ancient form of healing" which "spread through Tibet, China and India a few thousand years ago"
(ii) A Reiki treatment "[activates] the body's natural ability to heal itself" and "increases the body's ability to heal itself"
(iii) Reiki "[releases] blocked energies" and "[cleanses] the body of toxins"
(iv) Reiki can "[treat] any dis-ease, even chronic ailments"
(v) Reiki "will complement and increase the effectiveness of other kinds of natural treatment and medication"
(vi) Reiki can be used to "heal plants" and "animals"
(vii) Reiki treatments are effective when used as "absent or distant healing"
(viii) The practice of Reiki "enhances and increases your natural ability to heal"
(ix) In order to "channel Reiki" it is necessary to "attend a First Degree Reiki course", after which "you will be able to channel the healing energy to those who wish to receive it"

4. Under Section 6.1, I challenge whether the flyer's claims "exploit the credulity, lack of knowledge or inexperience of consumers", who cannot reasonably be expected to be aware of the 2008 Systematic Review [2].

5. (i) According to The Royal College of Veterinary Science:

"The Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 (Section 19) provides, subject to a number of exceptions, that only registered members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons may practise veterinary surgery. 'Veterinary surgery' is defined within the Act as encompassing the 'art and science of veterinary surgery and medicine' which includes the diagnosis of diseases and injuries in animals, tests performed on animals for diagnostic purposes, advice based upon a diagnosis and surgical operations which may not necessarily form part of a treatment. These restrictions are in the interests of ensuring that animals are treated only by people qualified to do so." [3]

(ii) The flyer claims that Reiki can be used to "heal...animals".

(iii) Therefore, under Section 2.1 of the CAP Code, I challenge whether the flyer is "legal, decent, honest and truthful".

(iv) Under Section 2.2, I challenge whether the flyer has been "prepared with a sense of responsibility to consumers and to society".

(v) Under Section 4.1, I challenge whether the flyer is legal, and whether it may incite consumers to break the law.

(vi) Under Section 6.1, I challenge whether the flyer exploits the "credulity, lack of knowledge or inexperience of consumers" by not mentioning that, under the Act, only registered veterinarians can treat animals.

(vii) Under Section 7.1, I challenge whether the flyer is likely to mislead by omission of any mention of the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966.

5. I confirm that I have no connections with the advertiser or the alternative medicine industry in general. I confirm that I am not involved in legal proceedings with the advertiser.

Footnotes
[1] http://www.reikiassociation.org.uk/3.html
[2] Lee, MS; Pittler, MH; Ernst, E (2008). "Effects of Reiki in clinical practice: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials". International Journal of Clinical Practice 62 (6): 947. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01729.
[3] http://www.rcvs.org.uk/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=92572&int2ndParentNodeID=89737&int1stParentNodeID=89642#students
"